Palabras clave
interoperabilidad
internet de las cosas
propiedad intelectual
teledetección
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar, mediante patentometría, la dinámica tecnológica asociada a la agricultura de precisión a partir de solicitudes internacionales, identificando tendencias temporales, jurisdicciones de protección, solicitantes líderes y áreas técnicas dominantes. Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal (2025) siguiendo las directrices de la OMPI para informes de panorama de patentes. Se consultó Espacenet y se aplicó una estrategia amplia basada en códigos IPC/CPC y filtros textuales en el título o el resumen, con restricción a solicitudes PCT y una ventana entre 2005 y 2025. La depuración redujo 39 996 registros iniciales a 1 497 documentos PCT y a 1 367 documentos posteriores a 2005, lo que sugiere que gran parte del estado de la técnica circula por rutas nacionales y que el subconjunto PCT concentra invenciones con aspiración global. La serie temporal mostró aceleración desde 2013 y un punto de inflexión en 2017; el crecimiento tendencial se respaldó con un CAGR de 7,29 % (de 2014 a 2024), aunque los modelos de pronóstico reflejaron sensibilidad a los últimos años por el desfase de publicación. La protección se concentró en Estados Unidos, China y la vía europea, con un liderazgo fragmentado, una convivencia de universidades y empresas y con un núcleo tecnológico centrado en gestión y soporte a decisiones, sensado remoto e inteligencia artificial y ejecución en el campo. Se concluye que el ámbito se mantiene en expansión y ofrece oportunidades de diferenciación por integración, interoperabilidad y validación operativa.
Citas
Antle, J. L., Snyder, S. T., & Larick, A. J. (2024). Modular smart implement for precision agriculture (Patent US12048300B2).
Banco Mundial. (2025). Agriculture and Food. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/overview#2
Baurer, P., Koch, J., Sauder, D., & Stoller, B. (2024). Systems and methods for image capture and analysis of agricultural fields (Patent US11944043B2).
Cai, Y., Liu, L., Gao, X., Zhao, X., Wu, P., Song, X., Li, C., Chen, W., Ning, S., Yu, J., & Yang, M. (2024). Intelligent agricultural control system (Patent WO2024007559A1).
Carvalho, C., & Joelcio, E. (2020). Method for controlling lepidopterous insects by using a perimeter ultrasonic barrier in agricultural crops (Patent WO2020028961A1).
Casas, A., Yang, X., & Ward, S. (2022). Mapping soil properties with satellite data using machine learning approaches (Patent US11468669B2).
Chatfield, C. (2001). TIME-SERIES FORECASTING. Chapman & Hall.
Cisek, N., Koshnick, N., Xiang, H., & Yang, X. (2025). Estimating soil properties within a field using hyperspectral remote sensing (Patent US12366678B2).
Comisión Europea. (2025). New Study Highlights State of play in Digitalisation in EU Agriculture. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-study-highlights-state-play-digitalisation-eu-agriculture-2025-09-19_en
De Oliveira Machado, R. A., & Rodwell, M. N. (2022). System and method for releasing loose or wrapped solid products for biological pest control in agriculture using dispensers coupled to or incorporated into manned or unmanned vehicles (Patent MX2022000673A).
Du, G. (2018). Smart agriculture management method and system (Patent WO2018232845A1).
Eguiluz, J. M. G., & Villegas, J. (2015). Protected soil-plant agriculture production system and method for low-height crops. (Patent MX2013008823A).
FAO. (2018). The future of food and agriculture – Alternative pathways to 2050. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Fujii, T. (2024). Travel control system for agricultural machine capable of performing remotely-manipulated traveling (Patent US2024345603A1).
Galvez, D. P. C., & Galvez, W. P. C. (2024). Digital technologies in agricultural development: The experience of Latin American countries. E3S Web of Conferences, 537. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453708014
Gao, Y., Wang, W., Ren, C., & Zhao, Q. (2022). Agricultural danger data assessment method and apparatus, computer device, and storage medium (Patent WO2022198744A1).
Getahun, S., Kefale, H., & Gelaye, Y. (2024). Application of Precision Agriculture Technologies for Sustainable Crop Production and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review. In TheScientificWorldJournal (Vol. 2024, p. 2126734). https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2126734
Herrera, R. J., & Garcia-Bertrand, R. (2018). The Agricultural Revolutions. In Ancestral DNA, Human Origins, and Migrations (pp. 475–509). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804124-6.00013-6
Hoss, M. J., Kerkhoff, C., Johnen, A., & Schaefer, F. J. (2024). Decision system for seed product and/or crop nutrition product application using remote sensing based soil parameters (Patent US2024099184A1).
Hunt, A. D. (2017). Weighted multi-year yield analysis for prescription mapping in site-specific variable rate applications in precision agriculture (Patent US9563848B1).
Janssen, O., Schaefer, F. J., Kerkhoff, C., & Johnen, A. (2022). Decision system for crop efficiency product application using remote sensing based soil parameters (Patent US2022361473A1).
Kah, M., Kookana, R. S., Gogos, A., & Bucheli, T. D. (2018). A critical evaluation of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers against their conventional analogues. Nature Nanotechnology, 13(8), 677–684. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0131-1
Kiepe, B., Delatree, C. C., & Wahabzada, M. (2024). Reduced residual for smart spray (Patent US2024000002A1).}
Kim, M. Y., & Lee, K. H. (2022). Electrochemical Sensors for Sustainable Precision Agriculture—A Review. In Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 848320.https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.848320
Klerkx, L., Jakku, E., & Labarthe, P. (2019). A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 90–91, 100315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315
Krieger, E. (2015). New trends in intellectual property protection for plant innovations. In 24th Int. Eucarpia Symp. Section Ornamentals “Ornamental Breeding Worldwide”.
Kumar, R. V., Cross, G. B., Qu, C., Das, J., MakinenI, A., & Mulgaonkar, Y. S. (2019). Systems, devices, and methods for robotic remote sensing for precision agriculture (Patent US10395115B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Li, J., Xu, J., Wei, X., & Sun, H. (2019). System and method for real-time measurement of height of spray boom relative to crop canopy (Patent WO2019218446A1). World Intellectual Property Organization.
Lin, T., Lin, Z., Jiang, H., & Ying, Y. (2023). Large-scale crop phenology extraction method based on shape model fitting method (Patent US11734925B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Matsuzaki, Y. (2024). Agricultural machine, sensing system, sensing method, remote operation system, and control method (Patent US2024341215A1). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Mewes, J. J. H. R. C. (2018). Customized land surface modeling in a soil-crop system for irrigation decision support in precision agriculture (Patent US10139797B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Mortimer, R., Miller, S. R., Ganz, B., Hutchings, J., & Syverson, C. D. (2018). Steering controller for precision farming (Patent EP3365220A1). European Patent Office.
Moscatelli, F., C. Chacua, S. Gadgin Matha, H. Hartog, E. Hernandez Rodriguez, J.D. Raffo and M.A. Yildirim (2024). Can we map innovation capabilities? WIPO Economic Research Working Paper No. 81. World Intellectual Property Organization.
Mulla, D. J. (2013). Twenty five years of remote sensing in precision agriculture: Key advances and remaining knowledge gaps. Biosystems Engineering 114(4), 358–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.08.009
OMPI. (2022). The WIPO manual on open source patent analytics. https://wipo-analytics.github.io/manual/
OMPI. (2026). PCT – The international patent system. https://www.wipo.int/en/web/pct-system
Pan, D., Chen, S., Ding, H., Gan, W., Wang, H., & Ye, Z. (2021). Agricultural machine precision control method applied to smart agriculture (Patent WO2021248678A1). World Intellectual Property Organization.
Peters, O., Hoffmann, H., Zhao, G., & Das, S. (2023). Planning and implementing agricultural measures (Patent US11818975B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Peters, O., Selinger, S., Rommel, T., & Andree-Labsch, S. (2025). Apparatus for determining agricultural relevant information (Patent US12270966B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Ramachandran, S., & Villela, M. A. (2022). Using smart-phones and other hand-held mobile devices in precision agriculture (Patent EP4002980A1). European Patent Office.
Santos Valle, S., & Kienzle, J. (2020). Agriculture 4.0: Agricultural robotics and automated equipment for sustainable crop production. Integrated Crop Management, Vol. 24. FAO.
Sanyaolu, M., & Sadowski, A. (2024). The role of precision agriculture technologies in enhancing sustainable agriculture. Sustainability 16(15), 6668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156668
Shi, J., Shi, Y., Zou, X., Huang, X., Li, Z., Guo, Z., & Qiao, C. (2023). Small-grain agricultural product color selection method combining area scan and line scan photoelectric features (Patent WO2023065396A1). World Intellectual Property Organization.
Shi, Z., Wang, N., Peng, J., & Xue, J. (2024). Method for jointly estimating soil profile salinity by using time-series remote sensing image (Patent US2024288602A1). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Shi, Z., Wang, N., Xue, J., & Peng, J. (2023). Method for estimating soil salinity of straw residue farmland by using remote sensing construction index (Patent WO2023087630A1). World Intellectual Property Organization.
Trippe, A. (2015). Guidelines for preparing patent landscape reports: guidelines prepared for the world intellectual property organization (WIPO). http://www.wipo.int/tisc/en/
Viola, E. & Mendes, V. (2022). Agricultura 4.0 e mudanças climáticas no Brasil. Ambiente & Sociedade, 25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422
Viton, R., Castillo, A., & Lopes Teixeira, T. (2020). Mapa de la innovación Agtech en América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Internacional de Desarrollo
White, J. G., Miller, B. A., & Bielski, J. (2023). Enhanced management zones for precision agriculture (Patent US11744168B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2026). World intellectual property report 2026: Technology on the move. https://doi.org/10.34667/tind.59025
Xu, L., & Xu, Y. (2021). Forecasting field level crop yield during a growing season (Patent US11062223B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Zhang, X., Mao, H., Gao, H., Zuo, Z., Qiu, B., Zhang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Smart mobile detection platform for greenhouse (Patent US10591927B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Zuo, Z., Qin, L., Mao, H., Zhang, X., Ni, J., Li, Q., & Lv, T. (2019). Testing device for integrated irrigation and disinfection (Patent US10317326B2). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Gabriela Valentina Valarezo Alvarez, Gisselle Marcela Soto Minchalo, Luis Francisco Álvarez Arevalo