Sistema portátil de sensores para la medición de nutrientes NPK en cultivos de café orientado a la agricultura de precisión en Loja, Ecuador

Timely monitoring of nutrients in agricultural soils is essential for optimizing fertilization and improving productivity in coffee crops under precision farming schemes. The aim of this study was to develop and preliminarily evaluate a portable monitoring system for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) based on an Arduino microcontroller and a commercial sensor with RS-485 communication, applied to a coffee crop in Loja, Ecuador. Ten in situ measurements were taken on a plot of approximately three hectares, and the results were compared with a laboratory analysis obtained from a composite sample representative of the study area. The average values obtained by the system were 32.71 ppm for N, 32.92 ppm for P, and 0.216 meq/100 ml for K, while the laboratory reported 31.0 ppm, 34.0 ppm, and 0.21 meq/100 ml, respectively. The relative errors were 5.5% for N, −3.2% for P, and 2.9% for K. The results show a high average concordance between the proposed system and conventional analysis, demonstrating its potential as a preliminary monitoring tool for nutritional management in coffee.

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